MEDICINE
Bachelor	TR-NQF-HE: Level 6	QF-EHEA: First Cycle	EQF-LLL: Level 6

Course Introduction and Application Information

Course Code	Course Name	Semester	Theoretical	Practical	Credit	ECTS
POL2731	Electoral Systems and Party Systems	Fall	3	0	3	6

This catalog is for information purposes. Course status is determined by the relevant department at the beginning of semester.

Basic information

Language of instruction:	English
Type of course:	Non-Departmental Elective
Course Level:	Bachelor’s Degree (First Cycle)
Mode of Delivery:	Face to face
Course Coordinator :	Assoc. Prof. ESRA ALBAYRAKOĞLU
Course Lecturer(s):	Dr. Öğr. Üyesi ARDA CAN KUMBARACIBAŞI
Recommended Optional Program Components:	None.
Course Objectives:	This course provides the analytical knowledge and practical skills to understand party and electoral politics around the world. It addresses a wide range of important topics such as: parties and their definition, origins and evolution of parties, classification of parties and party types, parties in democratic and non-democratic regimes, importance and features of parties, party organizations, party members and membership, parties in parliaments, party leaders and leadership theories, major theories of parties, voters, voting behavior, types of vtoting, representation and theories of representation, elections, types of elections, electoral rules, electoral systems, and problems relating to different systems, and finally the major distinctions between parliamentary and presidential types of systems. The course also provides case examples for comparative purposes.

Learning Outcomes

The students who have succeeded in this course;
The students who have succeeded in this course;

1. Grasp the basic concepts of democracy and party politics.
2. Examine how political regimes vary from liberal to illiberal – electoral democracies to authoritarian and totalitarian systems.
3. Compare the governmental systems of major industrial and post – industrial societies and of the major countries of the less developed world by looking at party politics and systems.
4. Identify strengths and weaknesses of parliamentary and presidential systems of government on the basis of concrete cases.
5. Identify strengths and weaknesses of centralized, devolved and federal state systems on the basis of concrete cases.
6. Identify strengths and weaknesses of majority, proportional representation and mixed election systems on the basis of concrete cases.
7. Recognize the importance of political parties, party systems and different types of elections in a variety of systems.
8. Evaluate recent trends in world politics.

Course Content

• Theories of Democracy
• Political Institutions
• Theories on Political Parties
• Party Systems and Organisations
• Representation and Voting Behaviour
• Electoral Systems
• Veto Actors
• Case Studies

Weekly Detailed Course Contents

Week	Subject	Related Preparation
1)	1st Week: Introduction to the Course
2)	2nd Week: Theories of Democracy	Ostrogorski, M. - Democracy & the Organization of Political Parties. Kirchheimer, O. - The Transformation of Western European Party Systems.
3)	3rd Week: Representation, Delegation, and Accountability	Strøm, K. & Müller, W.C. - Policy, Office, or Votes? How Political Parties in Western Europe Make Hard Decisions.
4)	4th Week: Governance, Political Culture, and New Citizen Politics	Gallagher, M., Laver, M. & Mair, P. - Representative Government in Modern Europe.
5)	5th Week: Presidential vs Parliamentary Systems	Michels, R. - Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Organizational Tendencies in Modern Democracies.
6)	6th Week: Political Parties, Organizations and Membership	Panebianco, A. - Political Parties: Organization & Power.
7)	Midterm
8)	8th Week: Theories on Parties	Hirschman, A.O. - Exit, Voice, & Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, & States.
9)	9th Week: Party Systems	Sartori, G. - Parties & Party Systems: A Framework for Analysis.
10)	10th Week: Participation, Voting Behavior and Elections	Diamond, L. & Gunther, R. - Political Parties & Democracy.
11)	11th Week: Electoral Systems	Lipset, S.M. & Rokkan, S. - Party Systems & Voter Alignments.
12)	12th Week: Party Politics and Elections in Europe	Kitschelt, H. - The Logics of Party Formation: Ecological Politics in Belgium & West Germany.
13)	13th Week: Party Politics and Elections in the US	Ware, A. - Political Parties & Party Systems. Mair, P. - Party System Change.
14)	14th Week: Party Politics and Elections in Turkey	Sayarı, S. & Esmer, Y. – Politics, Parties and Elections in Turkey.

Sources

Course Notes / Textbooks:

Diamond, L. & Gunther, R. - Political Parties & Democracy.
Gallagher, M., Laver, M. & Mair, P. - Representative Government in Modern Europe.
Gunther, R., Montero, J.R. & Linz, J.J. - Political Parties: Old Concepts & New Challenges.
Hirschman, A.O. - Exit, Voice, & Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, & States.
Katz, R.S. & Mair, P. - How Parties Organize: Change & Adaptation in Party Organization in Western Democracies.
Kirchheimer, O. - The Transformation of Western European Party Systems.
Kitschelt, H. - The Logics of Party Formation: Ecological Politics in Belgium & West Germany.
Laver, M. & Benoit, K. - Party Policy in Modern Democracies.
Lipset, S.M. & Rokkan, S. - Party Systems & Voter Alignments.
Michels, R. - Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Organizational Tendencies in Modern Democracies.
Ostrogorski, M. - Democracy & the Organization of Political Parties.
Panebianco, A. - Political Parties: Organization & Power.
Sartori, G. - Parties & Party Systems: A Framework for Analysis.
Strøm, K. & Müller, W.C. - Policy, Office, or Votes? How Political Parties in Western Europe Make Hard Decisions.
Ware, A. - Political Parties & Party Systems.
Mair, P. - Party System Change.
Sayarı, S. & Esmer, Y. – Politics, Parties and Elections in Turkey.

References:

Articles in Course Package
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Ders Paketindeki Makaleler

Evaluation System

Semester Requirements	Number of Activities	Level of Contribution
Midterms	1	% 40
Final	1	% 60
Total		% 100
PERCENTAGE OF SEMESTER WORK		% 40
PERCENTAGE OF FINAL WORK		% 60
Total		% 100

ECTS / Workload Table

Activities	Number of Activities	Workload
Course Hours	14	42
Study Hours Out of Class	14	102
Midterms	1	2
Final	1	2
Total Workload		148

Contribution of Learning Outcomes to Programme Outcomes

No Effect	1 Lowest	2 Low	3 Average	4 High	5 Highest

	Program Outcomes	Level of Contribution
1)	Integrates the knowledge, skills and attitudes acquired from basic and clinical medical sciences, behavioral sciences and social sciences, and uses them in health service delivery.
2)	In patient management, shows a biopsychosocial approach that takes into account the socio-demographic and sociocultural background of the individual, regardless of language, religion, race and gender.
3)	In the provision of health services, prioritizes the protection and development of the health of individuals and society.
4)	Taking into account the individual, societal, social and environmental factors affecting health; does the necessary work to maintain and improve the state of health.
5)	By recognizing the characteristics, needs and expectations of the target audience, provides health education to healthy/sick individuals and their relatives and other healthcare professionals.
6)	Shows a safe, rational and effective approach in health service delivery, prevention, diagnosis, treatment, follow-up and rehabilitation processes.
7)	Performs invasive and/or non-invasive procedures in diagnosis, treatment, follow-up and rehabilitation processes in a safe and effective way for the patient.
8)	Provides health services by considering patient and employee health and safety.
9)	In the provision of health services, takes into account the changes in the physical and socioeconomic environment on a regional and global scale, as well as the changes in the individual characteristics and behaviors of the people who apply to it.
10)	Takes good medical practice into account while carrying out his/her profession.
11)	Fulfills its duties and obligations within the framework of ethical principles, rights and legal responsibilities required by its profession.
12)	Demonstrates decisive behavior in providing high-quality health care, taking into account the integrity of the patient.
13)	Evaluates his/her performance in his/her professional practice by considering his/her emotions and cognitive characteristics.
14)	Advocates improving the provision of health services by considering the concepts of social reliability and social responsibility for the protection and development of public health.
15)	Can plan and carry out service delivery, training and consultancy processes related to individual and community health in cooperation with all components for the protection and development of health.
16)	Evaluates the impact of health policies and practices on individual and community health indicators and advocates increasing the quality of health services.
17)	The physician attaches importance to the protection of his/her own physical, mental and social health, and does what is necessary for this
18)	Shows exemplary behavior and leads the healthcare team during service delivery.
19)	Uses resources cost-effectively, for the benefit of society and in accordance with the legislation, in the planning, implementation and evaluation processes of health services in the health institution he/she is the manager of.
20)	Establishes positive communication within the health team it serves and assumes different team roles when necessary.
21)	Is aware of the duties and responsibilities of the health workers in the health team and acts accordingly.
22)	In the professional practices, works in harmony and effectively with the colleagues and other professional groups.
23)	Communicates effectively with patients, their relatives, healthcare professionals, other professional groups, institutions and organizations.
24)	Communicates effectively with individuals and groups that require a special approach and have different socio-cultural characteristics.
25)	In the diagnosis, treatment, follow-up and rehabilitation processes, shows a patient-centered approach that associates the patient with the decision-making mechanisms.
26)	Plans and implements scientific research, when necessary, for the population it serves, and uses the results and/or the results of other research for the benefit of the society.
27)	Reaches and critically evaluates current literature knowledge about his/her profession.
28)	Applies the principles of evidence-based medicine in clinical decision making.
29)	Uses information technologies to increase the effectiveness of its work on health care, research and education.
30)	Effectively manages individual work processes and career development.
31)	Demonstrates skills in acquiring and evaluating new knowledge, integrating it with existing knowledge, applying it to professional situations and adapting to changing conditions throughout professional life.
32)	Selects the right learning resources to improve the quality of the health service it offers, organizes its own learning process