MEDICINE
Bachelor TR-NQF-HE: Level 6 QF-EHEA: First Cycle EQF-LLL: Level 6

Course Introduction and Application Information

Course Code Course Name Semester Theoretical Practical Credit ECTS
BME4005 Laser-Tissue Interactions Spring 3 0 3 6
This catalog is for information purposes. Course status is determined by the relevant department at the beginning of semester.

Basic information

Language of instruction: English
Type of course: Non-Departmental Elective
Course Level: Bachelor’s Degree (First Cycle)
Mode of Delivery: Face to face
Course Coordinator : Dr. Öğr. Üyesi BURCU TUNÇ ÇAMLIBEL
Course Objectives: The aim of this course is to provide a thorough understanding of the basic physical principles which underlie therapeutic uses of lasers in medicine. Laser-tissue interaction mechanisms will be examined.

Learning Outcomes

The students who have succeeded in this course;
On completion successful students will be able to understand the mechanisms describing the interaction of laser radiation with biological tissue, spectroscopic and diagnostic optical applications of lasers in medicine, selected applications of lasers and optical techniques which are presently important in medicine.

Course Content

Wave motion, electromagnetic theory, electromagnetic spectrum, propagation of light , measurement of optical properties of tissues, optics, microscopy, lasers, mechanisms of laser-tissue ineractions, lasers in surgery, tissue welding, laser tweezers, lasers in imaging, diagnostic applications, electrosurgery versus laser surgery, laser safety.

Weekly Detailed Course Contents

Week Subject Related Preparation
1) Introduction, wave motion; plane, spherical and cylindrical waves, Electromagnetic theory, electromagnetic waves, energy and momentum of radiation. Dipole emission, emission and absorption by atoms and molecules, black body radiation, electromagnetic spectrum.
2) Propagation of light: reflection, refraction, scattering, interference and diffraction. Measurement of optical properties of tissue, Geometrical optics, fiberoptics. Microscopy and limits of resolution, mechanisms of contrast.
3) Eye and vision, perception of color. Spontaneous and stimulated emission, principle of laser, cavity modes, lasing media, pumping mechanisms, continuous and pulsed regimes.
4) "Mechanisms of laser-tissue interactions I: Photochemical. Photodynamic therapy, photostimulation, cytotoxicity of UV light."
5) Mechanisms of laser-tissue interactions II: Photothermal. Heat generation, heat conduction and distribution. Thermal damage to tissue. Laser-Induced Interstitial Thermotherapy (LIIT).
6) Mechanisms of laser-tissue interactions III: Photomechanical. Explosive evaporation, shock and acoustic waves, cavitation, jet formation.
7) Mechanisms of laser-tissue interactions IV: Dielectric breakdown, plasma-mediated ablation.
8) Lasers in Ophthalmology.
9) Lasers in Dermatology.
10) Lasers in General Surgery, Cardiovascular Surgery, Gynecology. Tissue welding. Low power lasers. Micromanipulation and cell surgery.
11) Lasers in Imaging.
12) Diagnostic applications: Autofluorescence, Raman spectroscopy, Scattering Light Spectroscopy, Doppler velocimetry.
13) "Electrosurgery: Mechanisms of interaction and tissue damage. Pros and cons vs. laser surgery."
14) Laser safety: lasers classification.

Sources

Course Notes / Textbooks: M. H. Niemz, Laser tissue interactions, Springer Verlag. ISBN 354-060-3638
References: Lasers in Medical Science (SpringerLINK 1998-), Lasers in Surgery and Medicine (WILEY 1997-)

Evaluation System

Semester Requirements Number of Activities Level of Contribution
Presentation 1 % 40
Final 1 % 60
Total % 100
PERCENTAGE OF SEMESTER WORK % 40
PERCENTAGE OF FINAL WORK % 60
Total % 100

ECTS / Workload Table

Activities Number of Activities Duration (Hours) Workload
Course Hours 14 3 42
Study Hours Out of Class 14 8 112
Midterms 2 2 4
Final 1 2 2
Total Workload 160

Contribution of Learning Outcomes to Programme Outcomes

No Effect 1 Lowest 2 Low 3 Average 4 High 5 Highest
           
Program Outcomes Level of Contribution
1) Integrates the knowledge, skills and attitudes acquired from basic and clinical medical sciences, behavioral sciences and social sciences, and uses them in health service delivery.
2) In patient management, shows a biopsychosocial approach that takes into account the socio-demographic and sociocultural background of the individual, regardless of language, religion, race and gender.
3) In the provision of health services, prioritizes the protection and development of the health of individuals and society.
4) Taking into account the individual, societal, social and environmental factors affecting health; does the necessary work to maintain and improve the state of health.
5) By recognizing the characteristics, needs and expectations of the target audience, provides health education to healthy/sick individuals and their relatives and other healthcare professionals.
6) Shows a safe, rational and effective approach in health service delivery, prevention, diagnosis, treatment, follow-up and rehabilitation processes.
7) Performs invasive and/or non-invasive procedures in diagnosis, treatment, follow-up and rehabilitation processes in a safe and effective way for the patient.
8) Provides health services by considering patient and employee health and safety.
9) In the provision of health services, takes into account the changes in the physical and socioeconomic environment on a regional and global scale, as well as the changes in the individual characteristics and behaviors of the people who apply to it.
10) Takes good medical practice into account while carrying out his/her profession.
11) Fulfills its duties and obligations within the framework of ethical principles, rights and legal responsibilities required by its profession.
12) Demonstrates decisive behavior in providing high-quality health care, taking into account the integrity of the patient.
13) Evaluates his/her performance in his/her professional practice by considering his/her emotions and cognitive characteristics.
14) Advocates improving the provision of health services by considering the concepts of social reliability and social responsibility for the protection and development of public health.
15) Can plan and carry out service delivery, training and consultancy processes related to individual and community health in cooperation with all components for the protection and development of health.
16) Evaluates the impact of health policies and practices on individual and community health indicators and advocates increasing the quality of health services.
17) The physician attaches importance to the protection of his/her own physical, mental and social health, and does what is necessary for this
18) Shows exemplary behavior and leads the healthcare team during service delivery.
19) Uses resources cost-effectively, for the benefit of society and in accordance with the legislation, in the planning, implementation and evaluation processes of health services in the health institution he/she is the manager of.
20) Establishes positive communication within the health team it serves and assumes different team roles when necessary.
21) Is aware of the duties and responsibilities of the health workers in the health team and acts accordingly.
22) In the professional practices, works in harmony and effectively with the colleagues and other professional groups.
23) Communicates effectively with patients, their relatives, healthcare professionals, other professional groups, institutions and organizations.
24) Communicates effectively with individuals and groups that require a special approach and have different socio-cultural characteristics.
25) In the diagnosis, treatment, follow-up and rehabilitation processes, shows a patient-centered approach that associates the patient with the decision-making mechanisms.
26) Plans and implements scientific research, when necessary, for the population it serves, and uses the results and/or the results of other research for the benefit of the society.
27) Reaches and critically evaluates current literature knowledge about his/her profession.
28) Applies the principles of evidence-based medicine in clinical decision making.
29) Uses information technologies to increase the effectiveness of its work on health care, research and education.
30) Effectively manages individual work processes and career development.
31) Demonstrates skills in acquiring and evaluating new knowledge, integrating it with existing knowledge, applying it to professional situations and adapting to changing conditions throughout professional life.
32) Selects the right learning resources to improve the quality of the health service it offers, organizes its own learning process