CIVIL ENGINEERING
Bachelor	TR-NQF-HE: Level 6	QF-EHEA: First Cycle	EQF-LLL: Level 6

Course Introduction and Application Information

Course Code	Course Name	Semester	Theoretical	Practical	Credit	ECTS
BME4005	Laser-Tissue Interactions	Fall Spring	3	0	3	6

This catalog is for information purposes. Course status is determined by the relevant department at the beginning of semester.

Basic information

Language of instruction:	English
Type of course:	Non-Departmental Elective
Course Level:	Bachelor’s Degree (First Cycle)
Mode of Delivery:	Face to face
Course Coordinator :	Dr. Öğr. Üyesi BURCU TUNÇ ÇAMLIBEL
Course Objectives:	The aim of this course is to provide a thorough understanding of the basic physical principles which underlie therapeutic uses of lasers in medicine. Laser-tissue interaction mechanisms will be examined.

Learning Outcomes

The students who have succeeded in this course;
On completion successful students will be able to understand the mechanisms describing the interaction of laser radiation with biological tissue, spectroscopic and diagnostic optical applications of lasers in medicine, selected applications of lasers and optical techniques which are presently important in medicine.

Course Content

Wave motion, electromagnetic theory, electromagnetic spectrum, propagation of light , measurement of optical properties of tissues, optics, microscopy, lasers, mechanisms of laser-tissue ineractions, lasers in surgery, tissue welding, laser tweezers, lasers in imaging, diagnostic applications, electrosurgery versus laser surgery, laser safety.

Weekly Detailed Course Contents

Week	Subject	Related Preparation
1)	Introduction, wave motion; plane, spherical and cylindrical waves, Electromagnetic theory, electromagnetic waves, energy and momentum of radiation. Dipole emission, emission and absorption by atoms and molecules, black body radiation, electromagnetic spectrum.
2)	Propagation of light: reflection, refraction, scattering, interference and diffraction. Measurement of optical properties of tissue, Geometrical optics, fiberoptics. Microscopy and limits of resolution, mechanisms of contrast.
3)	Eye and vision, perception of color. Spontaneous and stimulated emission, principle of laser, cavity modes, lasing media, pumping mechanisms, continuous and pulsed regimes.
4)	"Mechanisms of laser-tissue interactions I: Photochemical. Photodynamic therapy, photostimulation, cytotoxicity of UV light."
5)	Mechanisms of laser-tissue interactions II: Photothermal. Heat generation, heat conduction and distribution. Thermal damage to tissue. Laser-Induced Interstitial Thermotherapy (LIIT).
6)	Mechanisms of laser-tissue interactions III: Photomechanical. Explosive evaporation, shock and acoustic waves, cavitation, jet formation.
7)	Mechanisms of laser-tissue interactions IV: Dielectric breakdown, plasma-mediated ablation.
8)	Lasers in Ophthalmology.
9)	Lasers in Dermatology.
10)	Lasers in General Surgery, Cardiovascular Surgery, Gynecology. Tissue welding. Low power lasers. Micromanipulation and cell surgery.
11)	Lasers in Imaging.
12)	Diagnostic applications: Autofluorescence, Raman spectroscopy, Scattering Light Spectroscopy, Doppler velocimetry.
13)	"Electrosurgery: Mechanisms of interaction and tissue damage. Pros and cons vs. laser surgery."
14)	Laser safety: lasers classification.

Sources

Course Notes / Textbooks:	M. H. Niemz, Laser tissue interactions, Springer Verlag. ISBN 354-060-3638
References:	Lasers in Medical Science (SpringerLINK 1998-), Lasers in Surgery and Medicine (WILEY 1997-)

Evaluation System

Semester Requirements	Number of Activities	Level of Contribution
Presentation	1	% 40
Final	1	% 60
Total		% 100
PERCENTAGE OF SEMESTER WORK		% 40
PERCENTAGE OF FINAL WORK		% 60
Total		% 100

ECTS / Workload Table

Activities	Number of Activities	Duration (Hours)	Workload
Course Hours	14	3	42
Study Hours Out of Class	14	8	112
Midterms	2	2	4
Final	1	2	2
Total Workload			160

Contribution of Learning Outcomes to Programme Outcomes

No Effect	1 Lowest	2 Low	3 Average	4 High	5 Highest

	Program Outcomes	Level of Contribution
1)	Adequate knowledge in mathematics, science and civil engineering; the ability to use theoretical and practical knowledge in these areas in complex engineering problems.
2)	Ability to identify, formulate, and solve complex engineering problems; ability to select and apply proper analysis and modeling methods for this purpose.
3)	Ability to design a complex system, process, structural and/or structural members to meet specific requirements under realistic constraints and conditions; ability to apply modern design methods for this purpose.
4)	Ability to develop, select and use modern techniques and tools necessary for the analysis and solution of complex problems encountered in civil engineering applications; ability to use civil engineering technologies effectively.
5)	Ability to design, conduct experiments, collect data, analyze and interpret results for the study of complex engineering problems or civil engineering research topics.
6)	Ability to work effectively within and multi-disciplinary teams; individual study skills.
7)	Ability to communicate effectively in English and Turkish (if he/she is a Turkish citizen), both orally and in writing.
8)	Awareness of the necessity of lifelong learning; ability to access information to follow developments in civil engineering technology.
9)	To act in accordance with ethical principles, professional and ethical responsibility; having awareness of the importance of employee workplace health and safety.
10)	Information about business life practices such as project management, risk management, and change management; awareness of entrepreneurship, innovation, and sustainable development.
11)	Knowledge about contemporary issues and the global and societal effects of engineering practices on health, environment, and safety; awareness of the legal consequences of civil engineering solutions.